Blockchain Developer Certification Practice Exam 2026 – All-In-One Guide to Master Your Certification!

The v, r, and s properties in a transaction object relate to the cryptographic aspects of the transaction, specifically regarding the digital signature that ensures the authenticity and integrity of the transaction. When a transaction is created and signed by the sender's private key, this signature is composed of three components:

- "v" is the recovery id, which helps in determining which of the possible public keys was used to create the signature. It's essential for verifying the signature against the public key.

- "r" and "s" are the two output values of the ECDSA (Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm) signature. Together, these values represent the cryptographic proof that the transaction was indeed authorized by the holder of the private key associated with the sender's address.

This digital signature mechanism is crucial in the blockchain, as it enables the verification of transactions without requiring trust in a central authority, effectively allowing anyone to validate that a transaction was signed by the correct sender.

The other options do not describe the role of these properties accurately: transaction fees involve a separate calculation, gas prices pertain to the network's operational costs for executing transactions, and transaction hashes are distinct entities generated from the transaction data itself, unrelated to the digital signature components.